P. Fluzin, S. Bauvais, M. Berranger, G. Pagès and P. Dillmann: The multidisciplinary approach (archaeology and archaeometry) to bloomsmithing activities in France: examples of results from the last twenty years.

Összefoglaló jelentés az utóbbi 20 (25) év franciaországi interdiszciplináris (régészeti és archeometriai) kutatásairól, amelyek többek között a vasbucák- és rúdvasak (félkész termékek) vizsgálataira koncentráltak. Főleg késővaskori és korai római kori vasbucakovácsolási eljárásokat ismertet a kutatócsoport.
P. Fluzin, S. Bauvais, M. Berranger, G. Pagès and P. Dillmann: The multidisciplinary approach (archaeology and archaeometry) to bloomsmithing activities in France: examples of results from the last twenty years. In: THE ARCHAEOMETALLURGY OF IRON, Recent Developments in Archaeological and Scientific Research. Dedicated to Professor Radomír Pleiner. (Edited by Jiří Hošek, Henry Cleere and L'ubomír Mihok) Prague 2011, 223-236, Plate XXV-XXVI.
Összefoglalás:
„Over the last twenty years, archaeological and archaeometrical research implemented in France has made it possible to de ne the various stages of the chaîne opératoire in iron and steelmaking (Mangin & Fluzin 2008) as well as the indicators that are linked to them (archaeological structures, wastes). These studies reveal that the chaîne opératoire may (or may not) split in space and time, but may also contain varying degrees of intensity (mini-maxi production). This implies that the production sites can be from di erent natures: they may include partial or complete chaîne opératoire, and are part of a social context (e.g., rural, urban, specialized, or domestic craft). The relationships within the chaîne opératoire create links between the sites and form a technological, economic, and social network through trade in semi- nished and manufactured products. The evolution of these networks must be studied by taking into account the cultural and political contexts of each period to draw up a coherent understanding of this organization. The determination of site activities (smelting, re ning, elaboration, consumption, recycling), as well as intensity, allow a dynamic cartography of these activities, both synchronic and diachronic, to be realized. The physicochemical linkages between the ore, the smelting slag, the post-smelting slag, and the metal produced make possible an eventual understanding of the connection between sites that are part of the same exchange network. This in turn re ects the regional development of metallurgical organization and the trade in iron semi-products and manufactured goods.
The typological attribution (morphology, level of impurities, iron/carbon composition, phosphorus contents, etc) of semi-products worked on the forging sites also makes it possible to re ne the vision of what circulate and of what the sites acquire (Bauvais et al. in press). Thus, an archaeological and historical study of these data can structure the relative image we have of these relations in the various periods (Mangin et al., 2000a; Mangin et al. 2000b).”
https://www.academia.edu/1512341/The_multidisciplinary_approach_archaeol...